Mary Ann Booth: Photomicroscopist

Mary Ann Allard Booth was born on September 8, 1843 to Rhoda and Samuel Colton Booth of Longmeadow. She was a direct descendant of the infamous Longmeadow resident “Marchant” Colton, a wealthy merchant and ship owner in the 18th century. Her family genealogy can be traced back to Englishman William Boothe in 1275. Samuel Booth, a farmer, was also well known as a geologist and mineralogist. His large collection was donated to the Springfield Museums after his death in 1895, and is still on display today.

As a child Mary Ann suffered from “chronic invalidism,” likely Polio (infantile paralysis). She was educated in the Longmeadow public schools and Wilbraham Academy. She later began a great self-directed study of science. In 1877 she obtained her first microscope and began studying plant and insect life. Mary Ann eventually took up photography and adapted the microscope to the camera and embarked upon her work in the nascent field of photomicroscopy and was selling her microscopy slides by 1884.

As an amateur scientist she gained international recognition. At the time very few women achieved renown in the scientific community. 

In 1885 she received first prize at the New Orleans Exposition and a medal the the St. Louis Exposition in 1904. Ms. Booth gained further celebrity in assisting the U.S. Surgeon General in 1907-08 in combatting the Bubonic Plague in San Francisco through photomicroscopic documentation of the the germ-bearing fleas that transmitted the plague from rats. She was elected as a fellow of the Royal Microscopical Society of London, the Royal Photographic Society of Great Britain, the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences, the New York Academy of Science, the American Microscopical Society, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and was the first female recipient of the Order of William Pynchon. It was said that she had the largest private collection of parasites in the country. She wrote scientific books and pamphlets and lectured on parasites.

After the death of her father in 1895 Mary Ann moved to Dartmouth St in Springfield.

 In 1901 she was the first woman in Springfield to own an automobile. Her first automobile was steam powered and a subsequent car was electric.

Mary Ann never married and lived independently in a home she owned outright. Census data shows she hired a live-in servant or companion. On September 16, 1922 she died of “apoplexy” (stroke) in her yard. She left an estate worth $91,314 equivalent to $1,672,000 today. For more on Mary Ann Allard Booth further details please check out https://antiqueslides.net/mary-ann-booth-american-woman-microscopist-scientist/ and http://microscopist.net/BoothMA.html

Resources

1. Microscopist.net

2. Boston Herald

3. Springfield Republican

4. Longmeadow Historical Society

Who is the Mysterious Lady in the Portrait?

The portrait, an oil on poplar board, is of an older lady with glasses, identified as "Harriet Ford Bull Lawton, 1700." Seems pretty straightforward, right? As our readers probably know by now, we like to verify "granny notes," so this one was no exception.

Firstly, does the date 1700 make sense? After consultation with two textile experts, it was determined that the lady in the portrait was wearing clothing from the 1840's to 1850's. Curator of Textiles at Historic Deerfield, Ned Lazaro opined; "My initial guess is c.1850. Looks to be a gathered bodice front and a natural waistline, suggesting late 1840s or early 1850s. Cap has an 1840s feel to me, as does the collar." A professional cleaning of the canvas could help, and it was also pointed out that an older lady might wear clothes from a previous era.

So, the date of 1700 is suspect--what about the identification? Harriet Ford Bull Lawton sounds quite specific, and should be easy to verify. A little research into the Lawton family tree revealed a woman named Harriet Ford Bull, who was born in 1829 and who married Sanford Lawton in 1856. Doing the math, that makes her 21 years old in 1850, so that doesn't match the image of the older lady. The information about the painting says it was donated to the Historical Society by Miss Rachel Lawton, granddaughter of Harriet Ford Bull Lawton. Rachel Lawton, subject of recent study by our group as a crusader in Longmeadow for a woman's right to vote, was a board member of the Historical Society in 1955, and her uncle William was Vice President in 1917. But, according to a newspaper story from 1958 describing recent gifts to the Historical Society, a painting of Harriet Ford Bull was donated by Harriet Ford Lawton, Rachel's sister.

The original Lawton home was located just north of the Storrs Library. In the early 20th century they resided on Crescent Avenue.

Going further into the family tree, we find several more Harriets. The first was Mary Harriet "Polly" Ford (1804-1857). She married Jabez Bull. She had a daughter Harriet Ford Bull who married Sanford Lawton. This Harriet had a granddaughter named Harriet Ford Lawton, the donor of the painting.

The only Harriet who seems to be the right age to be the lady in the portrait is the donor's great-grandmother Mary Harriet "Polly" Ford, who died in 1857. Could this be the sitter? She seems likely, as she could be the mature woman in the portrait.

We often find names being repeated generation after generation--everyone wanted a namesake. So the lesson here is to put a name on all of your family photos and memorabilia, even if you think you'll never forget the information! And "Mother" doesn't cut it!

Originally published July 21, 2021

Can You See it? The Magic of the Stereoscope Viewer

Many of our readers will remember enjoying a toy from our childhoods—the View-Master! Circular wheels with tiny photos were inserted into the View-Master and advanced with a lever on the side. You peered through the two eyepieces like a pair of binoculars and saw the magic happen—a 3-dimensional image. You may be surprised to learn that the View-Master was introduced at the 1939 World's Fair in New York, though the peak of popularity as a children’s toy occurred in the 1960s. 

But long before the “modern” version, there was the stereoscope. The basic premise is based on a human’s binocular vision.  Each of our eyes sees an object from a slightly different angle. A person with normal binocular depth perception will see the two images fuse into one, 3-dimensional image.  The stereoscope works by presenting two photographic images, one to each eye, thus recreating the way our human vision works.  The photograph appears to have depth!

Sir Charles Wheatstone is credited with the invention of an early model in 1832. He used reflecting mirrors and prisms.  The Brewster Model, which David Brewster credited to a Mr. Elliot, was made in 1839 as a simple box device without prisms or mirrors.  The obvious advantage of the Brewster model was that it could be made smaller thus making it hand-held.  The example in the Storrs House Museum collection is marked “N. Y. STEREOSCOPIC Co. D. APPLETON & Co.” This company was founded in 1858 and was located at 348 Broadway.  The Library of Congress has an image of the interior of the store.

The model that most of us are familiar with was actually invented by Oliver Wendell Holmes in 1861. It contains two prismatic lenses and a stand to hold the photographic card.  He purposely did not patent his design, and it is still being made today.

Several companies produced thousands of images for the viewing public: The London Stereoscopic Co. offered a choice of 10,000 views in its 1856 catalog, including famous ancient temples, castles, natural landmarks, and even family portraits.  Within six years they had over a million views to choose from! The Keystone View Co. was the world’s largest stereoscopic company, and Underwood & Underwood was publishing 25,000 stereographs a day by 1901!

The Longmeadow Historical Society has several versions of the stereoscope, as well as some of the typical rectangular images.  We also have several iterations of the View-Master and dozens of circular images.

-Contributed by Betsy McKee, Longmeadow Historical Society Board Member 

Sources: Longmeadow Historical Society Archives, Library of Congress, Smithsonian Magazine, October 2017 article by Clive Thompson, Museum of Teaching and Learning.